Privity of Contract
 - An individual cannot sue on a contract to which he or she was not a party

 - A consumer buys a product from the retailer, product turns out faulty, consumer cannot sue  manufacturer because consumer has no contract with manufacturer but retailer.

However, in Donoghue v Stevenson, Mrs D brought action under the duty of care , since she couldn't sue under contract.
Awarded damages.
Ginger beer defective ; contained decomposed snails.